See present in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"praesens",
"praesens#Latin"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "la:praesens"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*prai\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*prai-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"prae-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"𐌄𐌔𐌏𐌌\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*ezom~*som\", \"gloss\" : \"to be\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"be\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁es-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁ésti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"be\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰuH-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-t\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰúHt\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*esom\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Archaic Latin\", \"term\" : \"esom\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-ala\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Latin\", \"term\" : \"esum\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-ola\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"sum\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"praesum\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-onts\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ns\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"praesens\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"present\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }\" data-lang=\"fro\" data-title=\"present\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "praesens",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin praesens",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "praesens"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Latin praesens",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "la:praesens"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Latin praesens.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "present oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "presenz",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "presentz",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "presenz",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "presentz",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "present",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "present oblique singular, m (oblique plural presenz or presentz, nominative singular presenz or presentz, nominative plural present)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
22,
29
]
],
"english": "At this moment he presented the Count\nWith a valuable silver cup",
"ref": "c. 1170, Wace, Le Roman de Rou:",
"text": "Itant out li Quens un present\nD'une cupe chiere d'argent",
"translation": "At this moment he presented the Count\nWith a valuable silver cup",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"gift; present"
],
"id": "en-present-fro-noun-LJIWwiz3",
"links": [
[
"gift",
"gift"
],
[
"present",
"present#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "fro",
"name": "Grammar",
"orig": "fro:Grammar",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"_dis": "20 80",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "16 84",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"present (tense)"
],
"id": "en-present-fro-noun-NSxBXDdn",
"links": [
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
],
[
"present",
"present#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(grammar) present (tense)"
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "present"
}
{
"categories": [
"Old French entries with etymon",
"Old French entries with incorrect language header",
"Old French lemmas",
"Old French masculine nouns",
"Old French nouns",
"Old French terms derived from Archaic Latin",
"Old French terms derived from Latin",
"Old French terms derived from Old Latin",
"Old French terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Old French terms derived from Proto-Italic",
"Old French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *bʰuH-",
"Old French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁es-",
"Old French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *per- (before)",
"Old French terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *preh₂-",
"Old French terms inherited from Latin",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 9 entries",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymon"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"praesens",
"praesens#Latin"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "la:praesens"
},
"expansion": "[Appendix:Glossary#inherited|Inherited]] from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*prai\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*prai-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"prae-\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"𐌄𐌔𐌏𐌌\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*ezom~*som\", \"gloss\" : \"to be\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"be\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁es-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₁ésti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"be\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰuH-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-t\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*bʰúHt\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*esom\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Archaic Latin\", \"term\" : \"esom\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-ala\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old Latin\", \"term\" : \"esum\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"itc-ola\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"sum\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"praesum\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-onts\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ns\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"praesens\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Old French\", \"term\" : \"present\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"fro\" }\" data-lang=\"fro\" data-title=\"present\">",
"name": "etymon"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "",
"2": "i",
"3": "I"
},
"expansion": "I",
"name": "yesno"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "Inherited"
},
"expansion": "Inherited",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "praesens",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"g": "",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"id": "",
"lit": "",
"nocat": "",
"pos": "",
"sc": "",
"sort": "",
"tr": "",
"ts": ""
},
"expansion": "Latin praesens",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "la",
"3": "praesens"
},
"expansion": "Inherited from Latin praesens",
"name": "inh+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": ":inh",
"3": "la:praesens"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Inherited from Latin praesens.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "present oblique singular or",
"tags": [
"canonical",
"masculine"
]
},
{
"form": "presenz",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "presentz",
"tags": [
"oblique",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "presenz",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "presentz",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "present",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "m"
},
"expansion": "present oblique singular, m (oblique plural presenz or presentz, nominative singular presenz or presentz, nominative plural present)",
"name": "fro-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Old French",
"lang_code": "fro",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Old French terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
22,
29
]
],
"english": "At this moment he presented the Count\nWith a valuable silver cup",
"ref": "c. 1170, Wace, Le Roman de Rou:",
"text": "Itant out li Quens un present\nD'une cupe chiere d'argent",
"translation": "At this moment he presented the Count\nWith a valuable silver cup",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"gift; present"
],
"links": [
[
"gift",
"gift"
],
[
"present",
"present#English"
]
]
},
{
"categories": [
"fro:Grammar"
],
"glosses": [
"present (tense)"
],
"links": [
[
"grammar",
"grammar"
],
[
"present",
"present#English"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(grammar) present (tense)"
],
"topics": [
"grammar",
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "present"
}
Download raw JSONL data for present meaning in Old French (6.1kB)
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'present oblique singular or', originally 'present oblique singular or m'",
"path": [
"present"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "present",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1089",
"msg": "suspicious unhandled suffix in Old French: 'present oblique singular or', originally 'present oblique singular or m'",
"path": [
"present"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "present",
"trace": ""
}
{
"called_from": "form_descriptions/1147",
"msg": "suspicious related form tags ['masculine', 'canonical']: 'present oblique singular or' in 'present oblique singular, m (oblique plural presenz or presentz, nominative singular presenz or presentz, nominative plural present)'",
"path": [
"present"
],
"section": "Old French",
"subsection": "noun",
"title": "present",
"trace": ""
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old French dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (f9fe161 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.